Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of Myofascial Trigger Release Technique versus Muscle Energy Technique on muscle activity and pain among individuals with Text Neck Syndrome Methodand Materials: A total of 112 subjects with Text neck syndrome were selected using simple random sampling technique from Saveetha medical college and hospital based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after which detailed study procedure were explained to patients and written informed consent were obtained. The participants age from 18 to 30 years and both male and female gender had been diagnosed with Text neck syndrome. The 56 individuals in each group into two groups. The experimental group (Myofascial trigger release technique) Control group (Muscle energy technique) for both groups pretest results from, EMG and pressure algometer were documented. Treatment intervention consisted of 4 weeks with 3 sessions per week. Findings: On comparing pre-test and post-test within experimental group & control group on EMG and Pressure algometer score shows highly significant difference in mean values at P ≤ 0.0001. Conclusion: The study concluded that the myofascial trigger release technique was more effective than muscle energy technique.

Objectives: Muscle energy technique (MET) is one of the alternatives for the treatment of joint dysfunctions. Previous studies investigated this technique without considering the kind of dysfunctions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MET by considering the type of dysfunction and the direction of the corrective maneuver in women with iliosacral joint dysfunctions. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 60 women with anterior innominate or posterior innominate dysfunctions and were randomly divided into the treatment group (n = 30) receiving a session of MET and the control group (n = 30). The range of flexion and extension of the lumbar, visual analogue scale (VAS), active straight leg raising (ASLR), and pressure pain threshold (PPT) at five points were measured before, after, and 24 hours after MET. Results: Before, after, and 24 hours after the intervention, the mean change of the range of lumbar flexion and extension showed an increase. However, the mean change of the level of VAS and ASLR decreased significantly (P < 0. 05) in the treatment group with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, using MET by considering the kind of dysfunction may more efficiently improve a patient’ s symptoms.

Objective We investigated the combined effect of Radial Shockwave Therapy (RSWT) and muscle energy technique (MET) on pain, range of motion (ROM), and neck function in people with active trigger points (ATrPs) of the upper trapezius muscle. Materials & Methods Fifty-four participants with ATrPs of the upper trapezius muscle were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n=18) received only MET, group B (n=18) received only RSWT, and group C (n=18) received both RSWT and RSWT. Pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), neck function using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire, and lateralflexion range of movement (LF ROM) were measured before and after the intervention. The participants were treated for three sessions in one week with at least two days of rest between sessions. Results All three intervention groups showed pain reduction (P<0. 001), an increase in PPT (P<0. 001), counter-lateral flexion (CLF) (P<0. 001), and also improvement in neck function (P<0. 001). The combined group showed a more obvious improvement than the other two groups in PPT (P<0. 001). There was no difference between the three groups in terms of VAS and NDI scores and CLF (P>0. 05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that all three interventions used in the upper trapezius trigger points therapy were effective,however, the combined group showed a significant difference in PPT. Therefore, combined therapy is superior to MET and RSWT alone in improving pressure pain relief in individuals with upper trapezius trigger points.

Background and Aim: The main cause of Myofascial pain syndrome is trigger point. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle energy technique (MET) with dry needling (DN) on latent trigger point of upper trapezius.Materials and Methods: Fourty females, with diagnosis of latent trigger point of upper trapezius after adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were equally and randomly allocated into either the muscle energy technique or dry needling groups. Each patient received one treatment to the upper trapezius muscle. Outcome measures (visual analogue scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and range of active contra lateralflexion (CLF) measured before and 48 hours after treatment.Results: Two techniques which used in this study were effective for treating latent trigger point of upper trapezius (P<0.001) but no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the above variables (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that muscle energy technique was as effective as dry needling in improvement of VAS, PPT and ROM in subjects with latent trigger point of upper trapezius muscle. But since muscle energy technique is safe and non-invasive method, therefore, if you want to select one of these two techniques, muscle energy technique is recommended.

Objectives: Quadratus lumborum (QL) is included in the list of accessory muscles of expiration. This muscle contracts to depress the ribs. It stabilizes the diaphragm for respiration. A tight/stiff QL prevents the rib cage from fully expanding to take a deep breath and pulls over the diaphragm and surrounding tissues. This affects chest expansion and breathing patterns. This leads to faulty posture adaptation and disruption in breathing patterns. This study aims to assess the effect of muscle energy technique (MET) of QL on pain, and diaphragm activity in individuals with nonspecific low back pain. Methods: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental study and the research population included 65 individuals with non-specific low back pain. Two groups were formed based on the score of self-evaluation of the breathing questionnaire, SEBQ <11, and SEBQ >11 and pre-intervention assessment of numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), surface electromyography (EMG) of the diaphragm, maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) and chest expansion was assessed. MET to QL was given and immediate post-measurements of the same were assessed. Considering the normality, data were analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon’s rank sum test using Medcalc software, version 22.017.  Results: Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) of both groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001), amplitude in SEBQ >11 was significant (P<0.0166), and Pimax was highly significant in both groups (P=0.0001). Discussion: MET of QL affects pain and lung function in patients with nonspecific low back pain.

Background: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a disabling condition associated with musculoskeletal impairment of the cervical region. There is limited evidence for the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) on CGH. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of MET on CGH patients. Methods: In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled study, thirty subjects with CGH aged 18-55years were randomly assigned into two groups, intervention group (MET in cervical muscles + infrared (IR) radiation) and control group (IR). Both groups received these interventions for 6 sessions, 3 times a week for two weeks. Outcome measures included headache index, upper cervical rotation range of motion (ROM), and deep upper cervical muscles thickness. Results: In the intragroup analysis, the headache index and upper cervical rotation ROM were significantly different in the two groups (P < 0. 05), but in the intergroup analysis, only left upper cervical rotation ROM was significantly different (P < 0. 05). Additionally, all muscles thickness had no significant difference in intragroup and intergroup analyses (P > 0. 05). The effect size was large in the MET group than that in the control group for ROM and headache index (d > 0. 7), but this was less than medium for muscle thickness in the two groups (d < 0. 5). Conclusions: MET + IR is a suitable and durable approach for CGH treatment and increase of upper cervical rotation ROM rather than IR alone, but this approach cannot change the muscles thickness significantly in 2 weeks.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disabling worldwide disorder in which the knee osteoarthritis range of motion (ROM) is particularly reduced. Mobilization with Movement (MWM) has shown rapid improvements in pain and functions. The muscle energy technique (MET) is claimed to be effective in muscle lengthening, strengthening, and increasing joint ROM. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial was conducted to compare knee Mulligan (lateral, medial, and rotational glides) techniques (n=15), and post-isometric relaxation muscle energy techniques (quadriceps, hamstring, and tensor fascia latae) (n=15) on pain and function in OA. Results: Twenty-two subjects (73. 3%) were grade-II of knee OA and 8 subjects (26. 7%) with grade III. The visual analogue scale (VAS) showed significant changes in the reduction of pain. In the VAS, the main effect of time of treatment shows that the mean value of the VAS score was statistically significant between at least two assessment stages (before the first session, after the third session, and after a month) (P<0. 001) in each group. In knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), the main effect of time of treatment shows that the mean value of KOOS score is statistically significant in increasing KOOS between at least two assessment stages (before the first session, after the third session, and after a month) (P<0. 001) in each group. KOOS showed significant changes for increasing function. Timed up and go (TUG) score showed decremental significant changes in time. In the TUG score, the main effect of time of the treatment shows that the mean value of the TUG score was statistically significant between at least two assessment stages (before the first session, after the third session, and after a month ) (P<0. 008). In ROM score, the main effect of time of the treatment shows that the mean value of ROM score was statistically significant in increasing ROM between at least two assessment stages (before the first session, after the third session, and after a month) (P<0. 002, observed power= 0. 927).

The experiments were carried out on the muscle spindle (MS) that located onto the soleus muscle (SM) in the anaesthetized rats. After applying a mechanical slow stretch (SS) on the SM, the MS wasn't influenced by this stimulant and it was in a slack status. On the other hand, the MS has showed a dysfunction. The slack status of MS, it means, without electro-mechanical activity for MS that was observed in isolating MS. And this slack status of MS also was occurred by insufficient of γ-motor stimulation. With using the passive stimulating vibration on the MS-SM, again, the slack status of MS was observed. Of course, in this experiment, before that the MS was made up with passive vibration, firstly, the activation of MS was clearly observed by gs-activity. On contrary of the positive effect of  gs into MS, there wasn't a positive effect with gd-activity into MS. But, it's stated that, there was the resting discharge (RD) in the MS during slack status and the RD scale has been significantly acceptable. The MS-RD was created with both of the SS and especially by γs stimulation, though not with gd stimulation.However, it was concluded that, the changing of MS-activity could be caused with the changing length of SK.M. In this process, the MS respond was pertinent to gs-activity. Meanwhile, the activation of γs was followed by activity of MS- chain- afferent. It's seemed that, in this loop of nervo-muscular wasn't any place for activating of MS-bag fiber.

Introduction: Flexibility is considered as one of the most significant components of rehabilitation protocols including two definitions: static flexibility measured by the Range of Motion, and dynamic flexibility measured by stiffness. Generally, a normal flexibility is necessary for an appropriate posture and flawless activity in daily life. With regard to various methods that contribute to increasing flexibility of hamstring muscles, the current study aimed at investigating immediate effects of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) on hamstring flexibility and stiffness in healthy young females Materials and Methods: Ten healthy young females with the mean age of 22. 5± 2. 67 years old participated in the study. Flexibility was measured via active knee extension and modified sit-and-reach test, and stiffness was measured based on the ratio of torque to angular changes via Biodex System 3 before and after MET interventions by post-isometric relaxation method. Results: The amounts of active knee extension and modified sit-and-reach tests significantly increased after MET intervention; the amounts of active knee extension and modified sit-andreach increased significantly (P<0. 001). Moreover, the estimated hamstring stiffness decreased significantly in comparison with its values before treatment (P<0. 001) Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that MET may improve hamstring flexibility as well as its stiffness.